January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month. The American Cancer Society estimates almost 14,000 women in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer this year. However, with proactive measures, prevention is possible. We asked Dr. Kirsten Sasaki to explain the key aspects of cervical cancer, including risk factors, screening methods and the role of the HPV vaccine.
Who is most at risk for cervical cancer?
Anyone who is sexually active is at risk for cervical cancer. Unprotected intercourse with multiple partners increases a patient’s risk, as well as any conditions that may suppress one’s immune system (HIV, being on chronic steroids).
How do you screen for cervical cancer and how often?
I screen patients for cervical cancer by performing regular screening pap smears which look at the cells of the cervix, as well as testing for evidence of the HPV (human papillomavirus) virus.
Do you recommend the HPV vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer? If so, who is eligible?
Yes, I recommend everyone get the HPV vaccine. It is best to get it around ages 11-12, but you can receive as early as 9 years old. Patients can receive the vaccine up to 45 years old, but it is less effective if you have already been exposed to the HPV virus.
How does the HPV vaccine prevent cervical cancer?
More than 90% of cervical cancer is caused by HPV. The vaccine helps to build up your immune system to fight off an HPV infection, so if you are exposed to HPV in the future, your body may prevent it from infecting your cells, and thus placing you less at risk for cervical cancer.
What is the one thing you would like your patients to know about this disease?
I would like patients to know that cervical cancer can be prevented with vaccination and regular pap smear screening. Do not be afraid to get a pap smear, because most patients who develop cervical cancer have not been screened with a pap smear for many years.
